bloodstlye | caroline smith | via thatkindofwoma
moves, move me. | via ofyourspotlessmind
Disclosure | Latch (Daniela Andrade cover)
goosebumps, chilling.
Ode on a Stethoscope
Alastair Gee on medical-journal verse:
Part of what makes the poems published in medical journals like Chest so piquant, aside from subject matter, is context. They appear alongside scientific studies—accounts of double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trials and the like—pieces of writing that are models of rationality and logic, and that require stripped-down, clinical language and do away with anecdote and allusiveness.
Illustration by Dadu Shin
The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system is the locus of genes that encode for proteins on the surface of cells that are responsible for regulation of the immune system in humans. This group of genes resides on chromosome 6, and encodes cell-surface antigen-presenting proteins and has many other functions.
The HLA genes are the human versions of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes that are found in most vertebrates (and thus are the most studied of the MHC genes). The proteins encoded by certain genes are also known as antigens, as a result of their historic discovery as factors in organ transplants. The major HLAs are essential elements for immune function. Different classes have different functions:
- HLAs corresponding to MHC class I (A, B, and C) present peptides from inside the cell. For example, if the cell is infected by a virus, the HLA system brings fragments of the virus to the surface of the cell so that the cell can be destroyed by the immune system. These peptides are produced from digested proteins that are broken down in the proteasomes. In general, these particular peptides are small polymers, about 9 amino acids in length.[citation needed] Foreign antigens presented by MHC class I attract killer T-cells (also called CD8 positive- or cytotoxic T-cells) that destroy cells.
- HLAs corresponding to MHC class II (DP, DM, DOA, DOB, DQ, and DR) present antigens from outside of the cell to T-lymphocytes. These particular antigens stimulate the multiplication of T-helper cells, which in turn stimulate antibody-producing B-cells to produce antibodies to that specific antigen. Self-antigens are suppressed by regulatory T cells.
- HLAs corresponding to MHC class III encode components of the complement system.
HLAs have other roles. They are important in disease defense. They are the major cause of organ transplant rejections. They may protect against or fail to protect (if down-regulated by an infection) against cancers. Mutations in HLA may be linked to autoimmune disease (examples: type I diabetes, coeliac disease). HLA may also be related to people’s perception of the odor of other people, and may be involved in mate selection, as at least one study found a lower-than-expected rate of HLA similarity between spouses in an isolated community.
Aside from the genes encoding the 6 major antigen-presenting proteins, there are a large number of other genes, many involved in immune function, located on the HLA complex. Diversity of HLAs in the human population is one aspect of disease defense, and, as a result, the chance of two unrelated individuals with identical HLA molecules on all loci is very low. HLA genes have historically been identified as a result of the ability to successfully transplant organs between HLA-similar individuals.
when tumblr feeds match my actual med school curriculum.
Sales | “Chinese New Year” | Sales EP
“Sweared a lot and I bared a lot
I was there a lot last year
Wept a lot, oh baby you slept a lot
I was left a lot last year
Pleased a lot, baby you seized my heart
And I started to fall last year”
“One of the joys—more often than not, a joyful embarrassment—of a democracy is that it allows time and room for people who find the whole lark of maturing, whether in politics or in personal conduct, to be overrated. Common nonsense has its place and purpose, too.”
moma:
Go behind the scenes of Matisse: The Cut-Outs with a new documentary in theaters nationwide January 13.
Teju Cole joins Michael Agger to talk about how Krzysztof Kieślowski’s “Red” and other works of art have helped form his particular worldview.
at New Orleans, Louisiana
#2015 beginnings
at Carnegie Museum of Art
A tad more angular than the Guggenheim (at Fallingwater)
#FLW (at Fallingwater, Bear Run, PA)
“Surgeons can cut out everything except cause.”
#nycfall
Carnegie stage 13 Embryo showing neural tube and brain flexures
Rapid growth folds the neural tube forming 3 brain flexures:
- cephalic flexure - pushes mesencephalon upwards
- cervical flexure - between brain stem and spinal cord
- pontine flexure - generates 4th ventricle